[207][208], France has historically been a large producer of agricultural products. For this reason, French cinema is sometimes intertwined with the cinema of foreign nations. At the start of the 19th century, symbolist poetry was an important movement in French literature, with poets such as Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine and Stéphane Mallarmé.[368]. The 101 departments are subdivided into 335 arrondissements, which are, in turn, subdivided into 2,054 cantons. [216] The most popular tourist sites include (annual visitors): Eiffel Tower (6.2 million), Château de Versailles (2.8 million), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (2 million), Pont du Gard (1.5 million), Arc de Triomphe (1.2 million), Mont Saint-Michel (1 million), Sainte-Chapelle (683,000), Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg (549,000), Puy de Dôme (500,000), Musée Picasso (441,000), and Carcassonne (362,000). Adjektive: Essen und Getränke beschreiben 17 Terms. [247][248][249] France was the third nation, after the former USSR and the United States, to launch its own space satellite and remains the biggest contributor to the European Space Agency (ESA). Credits; Grants and Awards; Contact; Login; Search form. [403], Until recently, France had for centuries been the cultural center of the world,[298] although its dominant position has been surpassed by the United States. The Oxford Companion to the Theatre, 1983, Oxford University Press, p. 554. Covid-19: la menace du variant britannique se précise en France, © Copyright 2006-2020 BFMTV.com. "War making and state making as organized crime," in Bringing the State Back In, eds P.B. In the second part of the 19th century, France's influence over painting became even more important, with the development of new styles of painting such as Impressionism and Symbolism. [205] The leading French banks are BNP Paribas and the Crédit Agricole, both ranking among the top 10 largest banks by assets according to a 2020 S&P Global Market Intelligence report. Terminology Etymology. Résumé. From the 11th century, the House of Plantagenet, the rulers of the County of Anjou, succeeded in establishing its dominion over the surrounding provinces of Maine and Touraine, then progressively built an "empire" that spanned from England to the Pyrenees and covering half of modern France. Place affected by this climate: Isola 2000. The "Remarkable Gardens" label is a list of the over 200 gardens classified by the French Ministry of Culture. [319], Care is generally free for people affected by chronic diseases (affections de longues durées) such as cancer, AIDS or cystic fibrosis. This number is used in postal codes and was formerly used on vehicle number plates. The Government of France has run a budget deficit each year since the early 1970s. However, like many developed nations, France's population is aging; the average age is 41.7 years, while about a fifth of French people are 65 or over. France has historical and strong links with cinema, with two Frenchmen, Auguste and Louis Lumière (known as the Lumière Brothers) credited with creating cinema in 1895. In 2008, the government launched a major initiative to help the sector reform and become financially independent,[417][418] but in 2009 it had to give 600,000 euros to help the print media cope with the economic crisis, in addition to existing subsidies.[419]. [57] During Louis XIV's minority and the regency of Queen Anne and Cardinal Mazarin, a period of trouble known as the Fronde occurred in France. France produces rum via distilleries located on islands such as Reunion Island in the southern Indian Ocean. [97] The regions are further subdivided into 101 departments,[126] which are numbered mainly alphabetically. Clovis made Paris his capital and established the Merovingian dynasty, but his kingdom would not survive his death. [307][308] The current Jewish community in France is the largest in Europe and the third-largest in the world after Israel and the United States, ranging between 480,000 and 600,000, about 0.8% of the population as of 2016. Le 31 janvier dernier, l'institut Elabe a publié la deuxième édition de son étude Les mots de la France. 26 February 2014. The Declaration affirms "the natural and imprescriptible rights of man" to "liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression". For all levels: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2. [255], As of 2018[update], 69 French people have been awarded a Nobel Prize[256] and 12 have received the Fields Medal.[257]. [167] This represents 0.43% of its GNP, the 12th highest among the OECD. [14] France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, and human development. [269] Different regions reflect this diverse heritage, with notable Breton elements in western France, Aquitanian in the southwest, Scandinavian in the northwest, Alemannic in the northeast and Ligurian in the southeast. A majority in the Assembly in 1792 however saw a war with Austria and Prussia as a chance to boost the popularity of the revolutionary government, and thought that France would win a war against those gathered monarchies. [166] Recently, after the unilateral declaration of independence of Northern Mali by the Tuareg MNLA and the subsequent regional Northern Mali conflict with several Islamist groups including Ansar Dine and MOJWA, France and other African states intervened to help the Malian Army to retake control. The railway network of France, which as of 2008[update] stretches 29,473 kilometres (18,314 mi)[227] is the second most extensive in Western Europe after that of Germany. [228] It is operated by the SNCF, and high-speed trains include the Thalys, the Eurostar and TGV, which travels at 320 km/h (199 mph) in commercial use. The other, the Central Directorate for Interior Intelligence (Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur) is a division of the National Police Force (Direction générale de la Police Nationale), and therefore reports directly to the Ministry of the Interior. France has produced some of the greatest players in the world, including three time FIFA World Player of the Year Zinedine Zidane, three time Ballon d'Or recipient Michel Platini, record holder for most goals scored at a World Cup Just Fontaine, first football player to receive the Légion d'honneur Raymond Kopa, and the record goalscorer for the French national team Thierry Henry. 06 - La ville; 07 - Les fêtes; 08 - La maison; 09 - Médias et communications; 10 - Mode, forme et santé ; 11 - Les études; 12 - La vie professionnelle; 13 - L'amour et l'argent; Chapter Objectives; Carte du site; ABOUT. As for music festivals, there are several events organised, the most popular being Eurockéennes (a word play which sounds in French as "European"), Solidays and Rock en Seine. Droit des femmes, parité, sexualité..,que doit-on à Mai 68 ? At the end of the Antiquity period, ancient Gaul was divided into several Germanic kingdoms and a remaining Gallo-Roman territory, known as the Kingdom of Syagrius. Expressions avec avoir 16 Terms. For other uses of "La France", see, • Metropolitan France, estimate as of January 2021, Source gives area of metropolitan France as 551,500 km. Over time, some of the king's vassals would grow so powerful that they often posed a threat to the king. [361] Other massive buildings that are a challenge to integrate into their environment are large bridges; an example of the way this has been done is the Millau Viaduct. Bien écrire le … The three main French brewing regions are Alsace (60% of national production), Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Lorraine. The Ministry of Culture has been very active since its creation, granting subsidies to artists, promoting French culture in the world, supporting festivals and cultural events, protecting historical monuments. The TGV has been the fastest wheeled train in commercial use since reaching a speed of 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph) on 3 April 2007. As of 2017, voter turnout was 75 percent during recent elections, higher than the OECD average of 68 percent.[137]. French roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighboring Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Andorra and Monaco. [293], In 2014, the INSEE published a study which reported doubling of the number of Spanish immigrants, Portuguese and Italians in France between 2009 and 2012. Conversely, religious organisations are expected to refrain from intervening in policy-making. Football is the most popular sport in France, with over 1,800,000 registered players, and over 18,000 registered clubs. Premier constat, il ressort de ce deuxième volet que les mots les plus employés pour décrire la France d'aujourd'hui sont bien différents de ceux cités en 2016, avant l'année électorale. [349] Other national museums hosting paintings include the Grand Palais (1.3 million visitors in 2008), but there are also many museums owned by cities, the most visited being the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (0.8 million entries in 2008), which hosts contemporary works. ", "French: one of the world's main languages", "GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences", "France – International Religious Freedom Report 2005", "Society2; religion in France; beliefs; secularism (laicité)". It is third in income from tourism due to shorter duration of visits. France had declared war on Great Britain and the Dutch Republic in November 1792 and did the same on Spain in March 1793; in the spring of 1793, Austria and Prussia invaded France; in March, France created a "sister republic" in the "Republic of Mainz". Around the age of six, children transfer to elementary school, whose primary objectives are learning about writing, arithmetic and citizenship. Debussy was among the most influential composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and his use of non-traditional scales and chromaticism influenced many composers who followed. La Convention UNESCO pour la diversité culturelle : vers un droit international culturel contraignant ? This rebellion was driven by the great feudal lords and sovereign courts as a reaction to the rise of royal absolute power in France. Thus was established feudalism in France. [38] Nevertheless, the situation improved in the first half of the 4th century, which was a period of revival and prosperity for Roman Gaul. That is, Law should lay out prohibitions only if they are needed, and if the inconveniences caused by this restriction do not exceed the inconveniences that the prohibition is supposed to remedy. Political disagreements and enmity in the National Convention between October 1793 and July 1794 reached unprecedented levels, leading to dozens of Convention members being sentenced to death and guillotined. They were encouraged to retain their distinctive cultures and traditions and required merely to integrate. [200][201], Financial services, banking and the insurance sector are an important part of the economy. During this era, France had been using Romanesque architecture like most of Western Europe. Shelved with: Jardins de France Addeddate 2008-09-08 17:14:55 Call number With XJ .A68 Camera Canon 5D External-identifier urn:oclc:record:1047490350 Identifier journaldelasoci18soci Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t2n58r79k Openlibrary_edition …