Football is the most popular sport in France, with over 1,800,000 registered players, and over 18,000 registered clubs. Interest. The preface of his play Cromwell is considered to be the manifesto of the Romantic movement. The legacy of French as a living language outside Europe is mixed: it is nearly extinct in some former French colonies (The Levant, South and Southeast Asia), while creoles and pidgins based on French have emerged in the French departments in the West Indies and the South Pacific (French Polynesia). Premier constat, il ressort de ce deuxième volet que les mots les plus employés pour décrire la France d'aujourd'hui sont bien différents de ceux cités en 2016, avant l'année électorale. Rameau became the dominant composer of French opera and the leading French composer for the harpsichord. [14] France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, and human development. [434], France is one of the world leaders of gender equality in the workplace: as of 2017, it has 36.8% of its corporate board seats held by women, which makes it the leader of the G20 for that metric;[436] and was ranked in 2019 by the World Bank as one of the only 6 countries in the world where women have the same work rights as men. [224] As of 2016[update], 72% of the electricity produced by France is generated by 58 nuclear power plants. Summers are short, cool and wet, while winters are moderately cold and damp. Il a les yeux petits et noirs 24. Higher education is divided between public universities and the prestigious and selective Grandes écoles, such as Sciences Po Paris for Political studies, HEC Paris for Economics, Polytechnique, the École des hautes études en sciences sociales for Social studies and the École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris that produce high-profile engineers, or the École nationale d'administration for careers in the Grands Corps of the state. A l'inverse, l'attribution de mots négativement connotés a fortement baissé: -2,4 points pour "terrorisme", -2,2 points pour "la violence" et -1,7 pour "le chômage". France has been a center of Western cultural development for centuries. Combien il mesure? Metropolitan France covers 551,500 square kilometres (212,935 sq mi),[97] the largest among European Union members. Since 1999, civil unions for homosexual couples are permitted, and since 2013, same-sex marriage and LGBT adoption are legal. Nonetheless, it does recognize religious associations. On 20 April 1792, therefore, they declared war on Austria.[XIV]. France, including its overseas territories, has the most time zones of any country, with a total of twelve. [438] France legalized same-sex marriage and adoption in 2013. Mais aussi l'armée, la police et la République, en queue de peloton. • The humid subtropical climate (Cfa) is found in the Garonne and Rhône's inland plains. Other French artists with international careers have been popular in several countries, most notably female singers Dalida, Mireille Mathieu, Mylène Farmer,[386] Alizée and Nolwenn Leroy,[387] electronic music pioneers Jean-Michel Jarre, Laurent Garnier and Bob Sinclar, later Martin Solveig and David Guetta. Corsica lies off the Mediterranean coast. [131] It greatly strengthened the authority of the executive in relation to Parliament. In January 1985, in Mouthe, the temperature has dropped under -41 °C. [459] Several major tennis tournaments take place in France, including the Paris Masters and the French Open, one of the four Grand Slam tournaments. Pepin's son, Charlemagne, reunited the Frankish kingdoms and built a vast empire across Western and Central Europe. Marie-Christine Weidmann-Koop, Rosalie Vermette, "France at the dawn of the twenty-first century, trends and transformations", Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Michael J. Balz, "The October Riots in France: A Failed Immigration Policy or the Empire Strikes Back? The current French nuclear force consists of four Triomphant class submarines equipped with submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Whole of the French Republic except the overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean. Criminal laws can only address the future and not the past (criminal ex post facto laws are prohibited). Francisation. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for. A huge collection of old masterpieces created before or during the 18th century are displayed in the state-owned Musée du Louvre, such as Mona Lisa, also known as La Joconde. • The oceanic climate (Cfb) is found around the coasts of the Bay of Biscay, and a little bit inland. [144], France is a founding member of the United Nations and serves as one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council with veto rights. French composers played an important role during the music of the 19th and early 20th century, which is considered to be the Romantic music era. The first leader to make himself king of all the Franks was Clovis I, who began his reign in 481, routing the last forces of the Roman governors of the province in 486. This rebellion was driven by the great feudal lords and sovereign courts as a reaction to the rise of royal absolute power in France. Other major authors of that century include Alexandre Dumas (The Three Musketeers and The Count of Monte-Cristo), Jules Verne (Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea), Émile Zola (Les Rougon-Macquart), Honoré de Balzac (La Comédie humaine), Guy de Maupassant, Théophile Gautier and Stendhal (The Red and the Black, The Charterhouse of Parma), whose works are among the most well known in France and the world. [441] Being the host country of the 2015 Paris Climate Change Conference, the French government was instrumental in securing the 2015 Paris agreement, a success that has been credited to its "openness and experience in diplomacy"[442] (though the US, after the election of President Trump in 2016, then announced it will withdraw from the agreement). With a greater focus on marketing and manufacturing, new trends were established by Sonia Rykiel, Thierry Mugler, Claude Montana, Jean-Paul Gaultier and Christian Lacroix in the 1970s and 1980s. [70] The interbellum years were marked by intense international tensions and a variety of social reforms introduced by the Popular Front government (annual leave, eight-hour workdays, women in government). madamelacombe TEACHER. Although English-speaking creations achieved popularity in the country, French pop music, known as chanson française, has also remained very popular. En 2018, on retrouve sur le podium "La Marseillaise", suivie des "droits de l'Homme" et du "général de Gaulle". [36] According to Plutarch and the writings of scholar Brendan Woods, the Gallic Wars resulted in 800 conquered cities, 300 subdued tribes, one million men sold into slavery, and another three million dead in battle. 06 - La ville; 07 - Les fêtes; 08 - La maison; 09 - Médias et communications ; 10 - Mode, forme et santé; 11 - Les études; 12 - La vie professionnelle; 13 - L'amour et l'argent; Chapter Objectives; Carte du site; ABOUT. The Germanic Franks arrived in 476 and formed the Kingdom of Francia, which became the heartland of the Carolingian Empire. [287] In 2010, France received about 48,100 asylum applications—placing it among the top five asylum recipients in the world[288] and in subsequent years it saw the number of applications increase, ultimately doubling to 100,412 in 2017. Summers are cold and wet, while winters are extremely cold, long and snowy. Cities affected by this climate: Chamonix, Mouthe. [469], The top national football club competition is Ligue 1. With an estimated January 2021 population of 67.41 million people,[258] France is the 20th most populous country in the world, the third-most populous in Europe (after Russia and Germany), and the second most populous in the European Union (after Germany). Following the renaissance and the end of the Middle Ages, Baroque architecture replaced the traditional Gothic style. France does not recognise religious law as a motivation for the enactment of prohibitions; it has long abolished blasphemy laws and sodomy laws (the latter in 1791). About the situation in April 1793, when General … [363] Jean de La Fontaine is one of the most famous fabulists of that time, as he wrote hundreds of fables, some being far more famous than others, such as The Ant and the Grasshopper. The Government of France has run a budget deficit each year since the early 1970s. The borders of modern France roughly correspond to ancient Gaul, which was inhabited by Celtic Gauls. Utilisez ce PowerPoint contenant un enregistrement audio et du vocabulaire clé lors de vos cours d'anglais afin que vos élèves puissent apprendre à se décrire en anglais. décrire. To this end, he withdrew from NATO's military integrated command (while remaining in the NATO alliance itself), launched a nuclear development programme and made France the fourth nuclear power. Summers are cool, short and wet, while winters are very cold and snowy. The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of European and world history. [403], Until recently, France had for centuries been the cultural center of the world,[298] although its dominant position has been surpassed by the United States. His most famous work, Essais, created the literary genre of the essay. There are also regional languages spoken in France, such as Occitan, Breton, Catalan, Flemish (Dutch dialect), Alsatian (German dialect), Basque, and Corsican. [196], According to the IMF, in 2020, France was the world's 20th country by GDP per capita with $39,257 per inhabitant. France introduced the common European currency, the Euro in 2002. Summers are hot and wet, while winters are cool and damp. In 1799-1814 France reached its political and military zenith under Napoléon Bonaparte, subjugating much of continental Europe and establishing the First French Empire. Summers are pleasantly warm and wet, while winters are very cold and snowy. Air France is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services. Spanish troops, the terror of Western Europe,[55] assisted the Catholic side during the Wars of Religion in 1589–1594, and invaded northern France in 1597; after some skirmishing in the 1620s and 1630s, Spain and France returned to all-out war between 1635 and 1659. [189] The fifth largest trading nation in the world (and second in Europe after Germany). Une perception du pays marquée par la présidentielle. There are ten major ports in France, the largest of which is in Marseille,[234] which also is the largest bordering the Mediterranean Sea. The Renaissance painting School of Fontainebleau was directly inspired by Italian painters such as Primaticcio and Rosso Fiorentino, who both worked in France. Érik Satie was a key member of the early-20th-century Parisian avant-garde, best known for his Gymnopédies. in this period went from 5300 to 11,000 people. Subsequently, France takes steps in protecting and promoting its culture, becoming a leading advocate of the cultural exception. Antiquity (6th century BC–5th century AD), High and Late Middle Ages (10th–15th century), UNESCO World Heritage Sites and protected areas, For information about regional languages see. Since the Middle Ages, France has been a major contributor to scientific and technological achievement. 03 - Les vacances en France; 04 - Les gens; 05 - Bon appétit! "La France" redirects here. The Gothic architecture, originally named Opus Francigenum meaning "French work",[351] was born in Île-de-France and was the first French style of architecture to be copied in all Europe. Including metropolitan France, the total area of land under French sovereignty almost reached 13 million square kilometers in the 1920s and 1930s, 8.6% of the world's land. In 843, under the Treaty of Verdun, the empire was divided between Louis' three sons, with East Francia going to Louis the German, Middle Francia to Lothair I, and West Francia to Charles the Bald. [46] His descendants—the Capetians, the House of Valois and the House of Bourbon—progressively unified the country through wars and dynastic inheritance into the Kingdom of France, which was fully declared in 1190 by Philip II of France (Philippe Auguste). Under Louis XIII, the energetic Cardinal Richelieu promoted the centralisation of the state and reinforced the royal power by disarming domestic power holders in the 1620s. [232] France possesses the Millau Viaduct, the world's tallest bridge,[233] and has built many important bridges such as the Pont de Normandie. Meanwhile, France's external wars in 1794 were going prosperous, for example in Belgium. The new Rafale F3 aircraft will gradually replace all Mirage 2000N and SEM in the nuclear strike role with the improved ASMP-A missile with a nuclear warhead. [209] Extensive tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and EU subsidies have combined to make France the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe[210] (representing 20% of the EU's agricultural production)[211] and the world's third biggest exporter of agricultural products. These three state-owned museums welcome close to 17 million people a year. This is a beginner level dictée with the following theme: Décrire un lieu d'habitation. Freedom of speech and press were declared, and arbitrary arrests outlawed. la maison ma maison est très grande, nous disposons de 10 chambres à coucher, une salle de jeux, une salle de cinéma, une piscine et un cort de tennis english english version my house is very big, we have 10 bedrooms, a games room, a cinema, a swimmimg pool and tennis corts. [362] French poetry during that century was embodied by Pierre de Ronsard and Joachim du Bellay. Among current musical events and institutions in France, many are dedicated to classical music and operas. [54] The Wars of Religion were ended by Henry IV's Edict of Nantes, which granted some freedom of religion to the Huguenots. [384] Although there are very few rock bands in France compared to English-speaking countries,[385] bands such as Noir Désir, Mano Negra, Niagara, Les Rita Mitsouko and more recently Superbus, Phoenix and Gojira,[386] or Shaka Ponk, have reached worldwide popularity. Jules Hardouin Mansart, who designed the extensions to Versailles, was one of the most influential French architect of the baroque era; he is famous for his dome at Les Invalides. The Algerian independence came at a high price; the large toll on the Algerian population. [230] The Paris region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country. French literature and poetry flourished even more in the 18th and 19th centuries. Comment va la France? Cities affected by this climate: Albi, Carcassonne, Lyon, Orange, Toulouse, Valence. Various routes of natural passage, such as the Rhône Valley, allow easy communications. This label is intended to protect and promote remarkable gardens and parks. Il porte la frange 14. 124 mots ont été testés, dont 87 communs aux deux études (la première a été réalisée du 10 mai au 22 juin 2016 selon la même méthodologie). Web. Some of the greatest examples of Romanesque churches in France are the Saint Sernin Basilica in Toulouse, the largest romanesque church in Europe,[350] and the remains of the Cluniac Abbey. While the Louvre Palace has been for a long time a museum, the Musée d'Orsay was inaugurated in 1986 in the old railway station Gare d'Orsay, in a major reorganisation of national art collections, to gather French paintings from the second part of the 19th century (mainly Impressionism and Fauvism movements). Six sentences are … On 10 August 1792, an angry crowd threatened the palace of King Louis XVI, who took refuge in the Legislative Assembly. [373] As of 2014[update], French authors had more Literature Nobel Prizes than those of any other nation. [168] The organisation managing the French help is the French Development Agency, which finances primarily humanitarian projects in sub-Saharan Africa. [35] Julius Caesar conquered the remainder of Gaul and overcame a revolt carried out by the Gallic chieftain Vercingetorix in 52 BC. [citation needed]. The rise of Protestantism in Europe led France to a civil war known as the French Wars of Religion, where, in the most notorious incident, thousands of Huguenots were murdered in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572. The UNESCO inscribed 45 sites in France on the World Heritage List.[340]. … However, in July 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the French government issued 10-years bonds which had negative interest rates, for the first time in its history. France had colonial possessions, in various forms, since the beginning of the 17th century, but in the 19th and 20th centuries, its global overseas colonial empire extended greatly and became the second largest in the world behind the British Empire. TCF Structure de la Langue. Level A1 - French Dictée - Décrire un lieu d'habitation French dictation exercise of 60-100 words Enroll in Course for $3. The pronunciation with /ɑː/ is mostly confined to accents with the trap-bath split such as Received Pronunciation, though it can be also heard in some other dialects such as Cardiff English, in which /frɑːns/ is in free variation with /fræns/.[24][25]. Premier constat, il ressort de ce deuxième volet que les mots les plus employés pour décrire la France d'aujourd'hui sont bien différents de ceux cités en 2016, avant l'année électorale. The President of the Republic, currently Emmanuel Macron, is the head of state, elected directly by universal adult suffrage for a 5-year term (formerly 7 years). It is one of the earliest academies of sciences. France—like other rich countries—faces an increasing and recent epidemic of obesity, due mostly to the replacement in French eating habits of traditional healthy French cuisine by junk food. The French government also succeeded in maintaining a cultural exception to defend audiovisual products made in the country. [342] The second generation of impressionist-style painters, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Toulouse-Lautrec and Georges Seurat, were also at the avant-garde of artistic evolutions,[343] as well as the fauvist artists Henri Matisse, André Derain and Maurice de Vlaminck.[344][345]. French is the second most studied foreign language in the world after English,[302] and is a lingua franca in some regions, notably in Africa. Mountains affected by this climate: Aiguilles-Rouges, Aravis, the top of Crêt de la neige (rare, altitude 1,718 m) and the top of Grand-Ballon (rare, altitude 1,423 m). [103][104] According to the 2018 Environmental Performance Index conducted by Yale and Columbia, France was the second-most environmentally-conscious country in the world (after Switzerland), compared to tenth place in 2016 and 27th in 2014. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. The French Republic is divided into 18 regions (located in Europe and overseas), five overseas collectivities, one overseas territory, one special collectivity – New Caledonia and one uninhabited island directly under the authority of the Minister of Overseas France – Clipperton. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland, Monaco and Italy to the east, Andorra and Spain to the south, as well as the Netherlands, Suriname and Brazil in the Americas. [123] As of 2019[update] there are 54 PNRs in France.[124]. It resulted in hundreds of thousands of Muslims (especially in the larger cities) living in subsidised public housing and suffering from very high unemployment rates. In addition to the submarine fleet, it is estimated that France has about 60 ASMP medium-range air-to-ground missiles with nuclear warheads,[174] of which around 50 are deployed by the Air and Space Force using the Mirage 2000N long-range nuclear strike aircraft, while around 10 are deployed by the French Navy's Super Étendard Modernisé (SEM) attack aircraft, which operate from the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle. The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned the empire, with West Francia becoming the Kingdom of France in 987. (Note: There are significant differences between the metropolitan population figures just cited and those in the following table, which indicates the population of the communes). For instance, in Paris, since 1977, new buildings had to be under 37 meters (121 feet). Much of the Enlightenment occurred in French intellectual circles, and major scientific breakthroughs and inventions, such as the discovery of oxygen (1778) and the first hot air balloon carrying passengers (1783), were achieved by French scientists. The second half of the 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars with Catholics expelling Protestant (Huguenots), which severely weakened the country. As of 2007[update], approximately 140,000 inhabitants (0.4%) of France are living with HIV/AIDS. Although the French film market is dominated by Hollywood, France is the only nation in the world where American films make up the smallest share of total film revenues, at 50%, compared with 77% in Germany and 69% in Japan. [111] However, the plan was abandoned due to fears of burdening French businesses. Pragmatique -- Recueils d'articles. • In the overseas regions, there are three broad types of climate: France was one of the first countries to create an environment ministry, in 1971. EU agriculture subsidies to France have decreased in recent years but still amounted to $8 billion in 2007. By the end of his reign, France had emerged as the most powerful state in Europe. The abolition of slavery and introduction of male universal suffrage, which were briefly enacted during the French Revolution, were re-enacted in 1848. With charismatic leaders, such as Joan of Arc and La Hire, strong French counterattacks won back most English continental territories. The last Merovingian kings lost power to their mayors of the palace (head of household). • The warm-summer mediterranean climate (Csb) is found in the northern part of Brittany. Rugby union is popular, particularly in Paris and the southwest of France. By 2006, the Michelin Guide had awarded 620 stars to French restaurants, at that time more than any other country, although the guide also inspects more restaurants in France than in any other country (by 2010, Japan was awarded as many Michelin stars as France, despite having half the number of Michelin inspectors working there).[451][452]. The architecture associated to this era is named Second Empire in English, the term being taken from the Second French Empire. Like in most industrialized nations, the print media have been affected by a severe crisis in the past decade. [409], Best-selling daily national newspapers in France are Le Parisien Aujourd'hui en France (with 460,000 sold daily), Le Monde and Le Figaro, with around 300,000 copies sold daily, but also L'Équipe, dedicated to sports coverage. French education is centralized and divided into three stages: Primary, secondary, and higher education. Metropolitan France includes various coastal islands, of which the largest is Corsica. [80][81][82] A vestige of the colonial empire are the French overseas departments and territories. The Senate's legislative powers are limited; in the event of disagreement between the two chambers, the National Assembly has the final say. It is noted for having a strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the Government of France. By turning powerful feudal lords into courtiers at the Palace of Versailles, Louis XIV's personal power became unchallenged. The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as Renault (27% of cars sold in France in 2003), Peugeot (20.1%) and Citroën (13.5%). The latter, in particular, held numerous properties throughout France and by the 13th century were the principal bankers for the French crown, until Philip IV annihilated the order in 1307. In the High Middle Ages, France was a highly decentralized feudal kingdom in which the authority of the king was barely felt. The tricolour flag of France,[432] the anthem "La Marseillaise", and the motto Liberté, égalité, fraternité, defined in Title 1 of the Constitution as national symbols, all emerged during the cultural ferment of the early revolution, along with Marianne, a common national personification. The Pacific Collectivities (COMs) of French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna, and New Caledonia continue to use the CFP franc[128] whose value is strictly linked to that of the euro. Francis Poulenc's best known works are his piano suite Trois mouvements perpétuels (1919), the ballet Les biches (1923), the Concert champêtre (1928) for harpsichord and orchestra, the opera Dialogues des Carmélites (1957), and the Gloria (1959) for soprano, choir and orchestra. [41] Teutonic tribes invaded the region from present-day Germany, the Visigoths settling in the southwest, the Burgundians along the Rhine River Valley, and the Franks (from whom the French take their name) in the north.[42].